All you need to know about horses: breeding, domestication and feedstuffs
Horses have been without doubt the most important human being’s fellows as they have allowed us to evolve, to go forward with our dreams, inventions and discoveries. One of the main topics about horses is definitively horse breeding as well as its reproduction methods. Horse breeding, as in many other animals, have become a specialized approach as pregnancy, gestation, can last from 320 to 370 days, usually giving birth to only one foal. As precocial mammals, colts can be fully developed within one or two days after the birth, allowing them to stand up and run without the mare’s support. Reproduction usually shows on males at about a year and a half although mares are not typically used for breeding until they are 3 or 4 years old as these are considered mature ages for horses. Their final purpose of most of them only depends on their prime of life, their adulthood, although they finally get to be trained to be ridden when they are around 2 or 3 years old; however, horses explicitly raised for sports have different breeding and training methods, being capable to be ridden when they are 3 years old and older due to both, corporal and bone structures, as it could incur on severe injuries for these animals. For that reason, sport horses cannot compete until they are 5 years old or older because their bone structure is not dense enough for these contests.
The domestication process of the horse was discovered in East Europe, Middle East as well as central Asia around the 3500 BC; due to the DNA procedures, these discoveries have revealed the similarities between prehistoric and contemporary breeds, although several hypothesis have been able to confirm that, horse evolution has been interrupted by the human being and these domestication processes, which have originated new horse breeds. You can find below a list with horse breeds and some others such as ponies.
Horse Breeds
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Abaco Barb |
Argentine Criollo |
Abtenauer |
Asturcón |
Abyssinian |
Augeron |
Aegidienberger |
Australian Brumby |
Akhal-Teke |
Australian Draught |
Albanian |
Australian Stock |
Altai |
Austrian Warmblood |
Alt-Oldenburger |
Auvergne |
American Cream Draft |
Auxois |
American Indian |
Avelignese Haflinger |
American Paint |
Azerbaijan |
American Quarter |
Azteca |
American Saddlebred |
Baise or Guangxi |
American Warmblood |
Balearic: Mallorquín and Menorquín |
Andravida |
Balikun |
Anglo-Arabian |
Baluchi |
Anglo-Kabarda |
Ban'ei |
Appaloosa |
Banker |
AraAppaloosa, Ara-Appaloosa, Arappaloosa or Araloosa |
Barb |
Arabian |
Bardigiano |
Archaic Jennet or Spanish Jennet |
Bashkir Curly |
Ardennes or Ardennais |
Basque Mountain |
Arenberg-Nordkirchen |
Bavarian Warmblood |
Blazer |
Belgian |
Boulonnais |
Belgian Half-blood |
Brabant |
Belgian Warmblood |
Brandenburger |
Black Forest , Black Forest cold blood or Schwarzwälder Kaltblut |
Brazilian Sport |
Clydesdale |
Brumby |
Coldblood trotter |
Budyonny or Budenny |
Colorado Ranger |
Burguete |
Comtois |
Byelorussian Harness |
Costa Rican Saddle |
Calabrese |
Cretan |
Camargue |
Crioulo |
Camarillo White |
Cuban Criollo |
Campolina |
Cumberland Island |
Canadian |
Curly |
Canadian Pacer |
Czech warm blood |
Carolina Marsh Tacky |
Daliboz |
Carthusian or Andalusian |
Danish Warmblood |
Caspian |
Danube Delta |
Castilian |
Dole Gudbrandsdal or Dølahest |
Castillonnais |
Draft Trotter, Light Dole, Dole Trotter or Coldblood trotter |
Catria |
Dutch harness |
Cavallo Romano della Maremma Laziale |
Dutch Heavy Draft |
Chickasaw or Florida Cracker |
Dutch Warmblood |
Chilean or Chilean Corralero |
East Bulgarian |
Choctaw |
East Friesian |
Cleveland Bay |
Estonian |
Florida Cracker |
Estonian Draft |
Fouta or Foutanké |
Falabella |
Frederiksborg |
Faroese or Faroe pony |
Freiberger |
Finn or Finnish |
French Trotter |
Fleuve |
Friesian |
Holsteiner |
Friesian cross |
Hungarian Warmblood |
Friesian Sport |
Icelandic |
Furioso-North Star |
Indian Half-Bred |
Galiceno or Galiceño |
Iomud |
Galician Pony |
Irish Draught or Irish Draft |
Gelderland |
Irish Sport or Irish Hunter |
Georgian Grande |
Italian Heavy Draft |
German Warmblood |
Italian Trotter |
Giara |
Jaca Navarra |
Gidran |
Jutland |
Groningen |
Kabarda, Kabardian or Kabardin |
Gypsy Vanner, Gypsy Cob or Coloured Cob |
Kaimanawa |
Hackney |
Karabair |
Haflinger |
Karabakh or Azer At |
Hanoverian |
Karossier |
Heavy Draft |
Kathiawari |
Heck |
Kazakh |
Heihe |
Kentucky Mountain Saddle |
Hirzai |
Kiger Mustang |
Hispano-Árabe, Hispano or Spanish Anglo-Arab |
Kinsky |
Hispano-Bretón |
Kisber Felver |
Lipizzan or Lipizzaner |
Kladruber |
Lithuanian Heavy Draught |
Knabstrupper |
Lokai |
Konik |
Losino |
Kustanair |
Lusitano |
Latvian |
Lustiano Altèr Real |
Mongolian |
Lyngshest |
Monterufolino |
Mallorquín |
Morab |
Malopolski |
Morgan |
Mangalarga |
Moyle |
Mangalarga Marchador |
Murakoz , Muräkozi, or Muraközi ló |
Maremmano |
Murgese |
Marismeño |
Mustang |
Marwari |
Namib Desert |
M'Bayar |
Nangchen |
Mecklenburger |
National Show |
Menorquín |
Nez Perce |
Mérens |
Nivernais |
Messara |
Nokota |
Metis Trotter or Russian Trotter |
Noma pony |
Mezőhegyes felver |
Nonius |
Mezőhegyesi sport |
Nordlandshest or Lyngshest |
Miniature |
Noriker or Pinzgauer |
Misaki pony |
Norman Cob |
Missouri Fox Trotter |
Norsk Kaldblodstraver or Norwegian Cold Blood trotter |
Modern Spanish Jennet |
North Swedish |
Monchina |
Norwegian Fjord |
Ostfriesen |
Novokirghiz |
Pampa |
Oberlander |
Paso Fino |
Oldenburg, Oldenburgh or Oldenburger |
Pentro |
Orlov trotter |
Percheron |
Russian Heavy Draft |
Persano |
Russian Trotter |
Peruvian Paso |
Salerno |
Pintabian |
Samolaco |
Pleven |
San Fratello |
Poitevin or Mulassier |
Sarcidano |
Pottok pony |
Sardinian Anglo-Arab or Sardinian |
Pryor Mountain Mustang |
Sardinian Anglo-Arabo-Sardo |
Przewalski, Takhi, Mongolian Wild or Asian Wild |
Schleswig |
Pure Spanish-bred |
Sella Italiano |
Purosangue Orientale |
Selle Français |
Qatgani |
Shagya Arabian |
Quarab |
Shire |
Racking |
Siciliano indigeno |
Retuerta |
Silesian |
Rhenish-German Cold-or Rhineland |
Sokolsky |
Rhinelander |
Sorraia |
Riwoche |
Soviet Heavy Draft |
Rocky Mountain |
Spanish Barb |
Romanian Sport |
Spanish Mustang |
Rottaler |
Spanish Tarpan |
Russian Don |
Spanish-Norman |
Swedish Warmblood |
Spotted Saddle |
Swiss Warmblood |
Standardbred |
Taishuh |
Suffolk Punch |
Tawleed |
Svensk Kallblodstravare or Swedish Cold Blood trotter |
Tchernomor or Budyonny |
Swedish Ardennes |
Tennessee Walking |
Warlander |
Tersk |
Warmblood |
Thoroughbred |
Welsh Cob or Welsh pony |
Tiger |
Westphalian |
Tinker or Gypsy Vanner |
Wielkopolski |
Tolfetano |
Württemberger or Württemberg |
Tori |
Xilingol |
Trait Breton |
Yakutian |
Trait Du Nord |
Yili |
Trakehner |
Yonaguni |
Tuigpaard or Dutch harness |
Žemaitukas, Zemaituka or Zhumd, |
Ukrainian Riding |
Zhemaichu or Zhmudk pony |
Unmol |
Zweibrücker |
Uzunyayla |
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Ventasso or Cavallo Del Ventasso |
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Virginia highlander |
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Vlaamperd |
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Vladimir Heavy Draft |
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Vyatka pony |
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Waler |
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Waler, Waler or Australian |
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Walkaloosa |
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It is very important for horse lovers to understand that these animals need of extra special care and for these reason, horse owners should learn as many tips as possible. Most of the ingredients that have been used in most of the animal feeds, specially horse feeds, can frequently contain harmful and poisonous components; genetically modified products such as corn, soy bean, alfalfa, sugar beets and many other GMO grains found in the horse feeds, have been already categorized as the main sources for cancer, not only among horses but also in other animals as well as human beings, creating autoimmune diseases tied to genetically modified organisms.